Juvenile Detention Makes Teens Worse Essays -- juvenile justice system

There are numerous critics of the juvenile justice system, and while most of their denunciations remain the same as those of the justice system at large, an ample portion of their criticisms revolve around the claim that incarcerating young people not only doesn’t work in deterring or rehabilitating them, but makes them worse and leads to adult misconduct. A report noted that youth sent to juvenile prison were 37 times more likely to be arrested as adults (Szalavitz, 2009). Another major problem some cite with the juvenile justice system is that most delinquent offends have some form of mental illness, and that while studies have shown that mental health treatment would be a better alternative, they are simply ignored or incarcerated (Ramirez, 2008), completely contradictory to the core values of the juvenile justice system which stresses rehabilitation and restitution above all else. Nevertheless, it is obvious that there are flaws in the system, and how glaringly obvious they may be depends on ones’ perception. A host of various cases show that the state of juvenile justice does not match up with current times and circumstances that differ from the time the system was set in place. Youths now are engaged in severe violent crimes, gang activity, and a multitude of other offense that depict a shift in the social and cultural ambience of the country. With that said, it seems apparent that the system needs to adapt to these current changes, but before that happens (if it ever does) there are many juvenile delinquents that that have been failed by the system in place. One of these people is Quantel Lotts. Like most kids who grow up in improvised urban areas across the United States, Quantel Lotts was raised in an environment ... ...e of Justice . Initiative, E. J. (2007). Cruel and Unusual: Sentencing 13 and 14- Year- Old Children to Die in Prison . Montgomery : Equal Justice Initiative . Liptak, A., & Petak, L. F. (2011, April 20). Juvenile Killers in Jail for Life Seek a Reprieve. The New York Times . Lotts, Q. (2012, March 19). tried as an adult and locked away for life at age 14. (E. Pilkington, Interviewer) National Institute of Mental Health . (2011). The Teen Brain: Still Under Construction . Besthesda : U.S. Department of Health and HUman Services . Ramirez, F. (2008, April/May). Juvenile Delinquency: Current Issues, Best Practices, and Promising Approaches. GPSOLO . Steinberg, L. D. (1987). Family processes at adolescence: A developmental perspective. Family Therapy, 77-86. Szalavitz, M. (2009, August 07). Why Juvenile Detention Makes Teens Worse. Time Magazine.

Minor Signs Contract

As I have been doing business with Don on a steady basis. I would consider us to be in an Implied contract situation. Subtask, Brenna, Browne (2009) defines an implied contract as â€Å"established by the conduct of a party rather than by the party's written or spoken words† (p. 240) so I would want to remain reasonable and fair in my decisions moving forward. I would still move forward with doing business with the company in Connecticut. As we do not have a contract that states I will provide a certain amount of product for so many years or length of time.I would notify Don in written notice that I will no longer be able to provide the Supporting products to him after a fair and reasonable amount of time. I would again offer suggestions of other local distributors so Don could reach out and still continue selling the product in his business. I would also speak with the Connecticut Company to see if could add an amendment to my contract to still be able to provide Don a small local business the ability to remain selling the product I provide to him at the normal status quo. Don would most likely try and sue for breach of contract as he feels he has a legal ND binding requirements contract. Unfortunately, â€Å"contracts made by minors are avoidable and can be dissatisfied by the minor at any time before the minor becomes of a majority age or shortly thereafter† (Subtask et al. 2009, p. 254). As an ethical business person Don should have never asked my minor son to sign a contract. Don should have presented the contract directly to me as the owner of the business he was purchasing from. Spiritually Don's honesty and integrity is also brought into question and would have reservations about continuing doing business with anemone who Is willing to be so deceiving In his business practices.My Christian beliefs have taught me we â€Å"Do not steal. Do not deceive or cheat one another† (New Living Translation, Leviticus 19:11). I really don't appr eciate Don as a fellow Christian treating me this way and not coming to me directly regarding the contract he had my son sign. I think Don may be someone who: Longs to be rich fall into temptation and are trapped by many foolish and harmful desires that plunge them into ruin and destruction. For the love of money is the root of all kinds of evil. And some people, craving money, have wandered from the true faith and pierced themselves with many sorrows. New Living Translation, 1 Timothy, & 6:10) I also believe Don committed a form of criminal fraud described by Subtask as the â€Å"intentional use of some sort of misrepresentation to gain an advantage over another party† (2009). Subtask et al. (2009) also gives several examples of common fraudulent acts but the one that fits this situation best is â€Å"False pretenses, a designed misrepresentation of existing facts or conditions by which a person obtains another's money or goods, such as writing of a worthless check† ( p. 155). In this scenario It's having my son sign a contract to try and guarantee the price of the products Don Is purchasing.In my understating of the covenants of good faith and fair dealings as long as I continue to supply the requested product until I have given reasonable notice to end services I can remain legal under the uniform Commercial Code (USC). 2-201. Formal Requirements; Statute of Frauds. (1) Except as otherwise provided in this section a contract for the sale of goods for the price of $500 or more is not enforceable by way or sale has been made between the parties and signed by the party against whom enforcement is sought or by this authorized agent or broker.A writing is not insufficient because it omits or incorrectly states a term agreed upon but the contract is not enforceable under this paragraph beyond the quantity of goods shown in such writing. (Subtask et al. , 2009, p. 764) According to these terms under the USC, it would require us to have a legal contrac t in writing by an authorized agent or broker, which my minor son is not, again making his requirements contract not enforceable. It also says contract or not I would only be held responsible for any goods beyond what would be in the written documentation.Since we do not have a valid contract stating these terms, there is no reason why I cannot stop selling my products to him with a reasonable amount of notification offered. Don along with fighting for Breach of contract is probably trying to receive some form of remedies for the alleged breach of contract. Remedies for a breach of contract are generally classified according to whether the plaintiff requests monetary damages (â€Å"legal† remedies) or non-monetary images (equitable remedies).

A Classical Story, a Baroque Interpretation, and Gian Lorenzo Bernini Essay

When told his son would surpass him in artistic brilliance, Pietro Bernini of Florence simply responded, â€Å"†¦remember, that in this game the loser wins† (Fagiolo 9). A conversation held in the distant past, there was no way for Pietro to know that his son, Gian Lorenzo Bernini, would come to be known as one of the most talented artists the world has ever seen. Fully immersed in the art world at a young age, Gian Lorenzo Bernini catapulted to artistic prominence soon after his initial commissions within the papacy. One of his earliest works, Bernini’s sculpture of Pluto and Proserpina not only illuminates Bernini’s astonishing skill in marble craft, but also serves as a perfect manifestation of Baroque ideals while simultaneously solidifying Bernini as a key artist of the Baroque art period which began its sweep across Europe during his lifetime. Gian Lorenzo Bernini was born on December 7th, 1598, in the city of Naples, Italy (Fagiolo 3). His father, Pietro Bernini, was a gifted Florentine sculptor who moved his family to Rome in 1606, the city in which Bernini would live until his death. In his youth, Bernini spent a great majority of his time and training in his father’s workshop; it was here that Pietro taught his son â€Å"to exercise hand and eye continually in his craft† (Fagiolo 3). After moving to Rome, his father worked for several years in the service of the Borghese Pope Paul V (Wittkower 3). Through his father’s fortunate connection with the papacy, the young and extremely gifted Gian Lorenzo caught the eye of the Pope and his nephew, Cardinal Scipione Borghese (Wittkower 3). This initial discovery launched Bernini into his lifelong successful artistic career. From 1618 onwards, Bernini was consistently employed, creating incredible and awe-inspiring artworks in the city of Rome: â€Å"For more than half a century he was sculptor-architect to eight popes, all of them†¦so respectful of Bernini’s genius that they gave him the richest commissions any artist has ever received† (Wallace 10). Following years of countless commissions—including what some might call his most prominent and well known, the architectural design of St. Peter’s Square outside of the Vatican—Bernini died on November 28th, 1680 at the age of 81, leaving behind an extraordinary legacy which is still pertinent in present day Italy: â€Å"†¦only the Romans had a greater influence on Rome than Gianlorenzo Bernini† (Bent). The story behind Bernini’s Pluto and Proserpina stakes its origins in ancient Greek mythology. Copied from the Greeks by the Romans, â€Å"The Rape of Persephone†Ã¢â‚¬â€daughter of the Greek goddess of the harvest, Demeter—was written in order to explain the forming of the four earthly seasons: fall, summer, spring, and winter (Fairbanks 176-178). In the story, Persephone is in a meadow, picking flowers as she walks, when she spies a narcissus flower that is â€Å"finer than the rest† (Fairbanks 178). As she stoops to claim it for her bouquet, the ground opens up and Hades, god of the dead, on his ghastly chariot, abducts Persephone and drags her to the underworld against her will (Fairbanks 178). Demeter, who discovers her daughter’s fate from Apollo, pleads with Zeus to return Persephone to her. (Fairbanks 179). To Demeter’s dismay, Persephone had ignorantly eaten pomegranate seeds of the underworld, and was therefore obliged to remain with Hades (Fairbanks 179). However, an agreement was made in which Persephone may spend half of a year in the underworld with her king, and the other half on Earth with her mother (Fairbanks 179). In the spring, when Persephone returns to the earthly realm, Demeter causes the flowers to grow in order to welcome her daughter home (Fairbanks 179). When Persephone must return to the underworld, Demeter mourns her daughter’s leaving, causing the leaves to wither and fall off the trees—and thus, the seasons were formed (Fairbanks 179). One of Bernini’s earlier works, the sculpture of Pluto and Proserpina is truly a wonder to behold. Completed in 1622 when Bernini was a mere twenty-three years old, the marble sculpture is larger than life and currently presides in the Borghese Gallery in Rome (â€Å"Pluto†). The sculpture, named for the Roman characters of myth, captures the very moment in which Pluto (Hades) has snatched his soon-to-be bride, Proserpina (Persephone), and drags her to his deathly realm. This is made apparent in the presence of Cerberus, the three-headed dog guardian of the underworld, who snarls ferociously under Proserpina’s writhing form. Pluto, with his firm grip, clasps Proserpina as she tries to flee from her somber king. However, Proserpina’s efforts are futile as Pluto is already successfully grounded in the underworld, and knows she cannot escape his clutches or a life spent in his shadowy kingdom. Pluto and Proserpina, as an artwork, serves as a pinnacle of Baroque values. The Baroque period, which began approximately around the year 1600—two years after Bernini’s birth—marked a severe transition in European artistic ideals: â€Å"In comparison with the art of the High Renaissance, Baroque art is†¦more colorful, higher-pitched, and ‘theatrical. ’ Baroque art makes a direct appeal to the emotions of the viewer† (Wallace 11). In this regard, Pluto and Proserpina is dead on—as Proserpina strains against the force that is Pluto, the emotion portrayed via the body language and faces of both is a clear example of Baroque style. â€Å"Bernini interpreted this†¦as a conflict between brutal lust and desperate anguish,† a notion which is made clear in movement of the sculpture (Wittkower 4). As Proserpina struggles with all of her might, she pushes her left hand against Pluto in a feeble attempt at escape, all the while marble tears roll down her cheeks, an expression of anxiety and sadness written clearly on her face. Pluto, whose taut, muscular legs and firm grip on Proserpina’s thigh and stomach, has won his prize and intends to claim it—he looks on the struggling form of Proserpina with a hint of a smirk and nothing but desire in his eyes. The expressions Bernini gave the two only emphasize his influence on fundamental Baroque elements: â€Å"Baroque gestures in†¦sculpture are vividly dramatic†¦Facial expressions†¦are so explicitly rendered that they verge on caricature† (Wallace 11). The scene that Bernini portrays in Pluto and Proserpina is nothing short of emotive, dramatic, theatrical, steeped in movement, and utterly Baroque. Depicting a quintessential classical tale, Bernini’s sculpture of Pluto and Proserpina was created shortly after the conclusion of the High Renaissance, an art period in which â€Å"ancient celebrations of the human figure, together with the optimistic spirit of the early sixteenth century, fostered an unprecedented interest in the figure as art† (Wood 138). Artists practicing within the Baroque period took this appreciation of the human figure and aimed to embellish it with drama, movement, and sensation. Bernini’s Pluto and Proserpina does exactly that—maintaining the High Renaissance’s desire for classicism and appreciation of the individual, Bernini expertly crafts idyllic human forms while simultaneously adding Baroque flourish to the work. The rippling, muscular form of Pluto reflects attention to the male figure similar in quality to that of Michelangelo’s David, yet differs severely in Pluto’s movement versus David’s stagnant pose (Michelangelo’s). As Pluto lunges into the underworld with his fleshy prize, there is distinct sense of mobility and, in essence, story-telling within the work. David, on the other hand, is found lacking in both action and drama—in a relaxed stance, David has his slingshot casually slung over his left shoulder, holding the stone listlessly in his right hand. Despite the fact that David is wearing an expression of what seems to be concentration or concern, Michelangelo’s work is a far cry from the emotional drama present in Pluto and Proserpina. Through Bernini’s portrayal of the contrasting feelings of Pluto and Proserpina in such an exaggerated and dramatic way, the audience is caught up in the moment of the story as if they are actually experiencing it. Static statues such as Michelangelo’s David, however, leave the viewer rooted in time and place, contemplating what the work has potential to do, without actually witnessing it. Despite the truly amazing artistic prowess behind Pluto and Prosperpina, not to mention the fact that the work was created almost four hundred years ago, Bernini’s massive portfolio of work has only recently been circulating the art world in terms of its analysis and critique. â€Å"Bernini himself predicted that his reputation would diminish after his death; his art is much concerned with emotion and faith, and†¦he sensed†¦these qualities would not be the most admired in the age of reason† (Wallace 10). Praised for years by eight different papacies, Bernini’s remarkable artwork fell by the wayside, and was even slandered by English art critic John Ruskin who believed it was â€Å"impossible for false taste and base feeling to sink lower† than Bernini’s work (Wittkower 1). However, although his reputation as an artist hit an all-time low in the Victorian era due to Ruskin’s harsh critique, Bernini is finally beginning to receive the recognition he deserves. With transportation more readily accessible than ever before in combination with he notion â€Å"†¦that citizens of the late 20th century, having seen what a botch men of reason have made of the world, are increasingly open-minded toward men of feeling,† Bernini’s work is only now, within the last one hundred years or so, being considered by art historians, as implausible as it may seem (Wittkower 12). Pluto and Proserpina, though an exceptional work of art, is one of Bernini’s lesser-studied sculptures—it is next to impossible to find any sort of analysis of the work. Yet, even though it is not considered to be his best work—if even considered at all—those who have had the chance to observe and contemplate it recognize Bernini’s sheer technical expertise as exhibited in Pluto and Proserpina. In an article from The North American Review, Bernini is considered â€Å"the soul of his age† in that he provided â€Å"a solid, emotional core† to â€Å"a theatrical style like Baroque† (Bent). The article praises Bernini as â€Å"a master of detail who always built his figures around a single, dramatically potent gesture. His ‘Pluto Abducting Proserpina’ is a case in point† (Bent). More praise for Bernini comes from author John Wallace, who, in his book, The World of Bernini, describes the sculpture of Pluto and Proserpina as â€Å"†¦one of the most remarkable in carved†¦sculpture† in terms of its astounding physical and psychological realism (Wallace 18). As â€Å"†¦an artist whose influence on his time is without parallel in history,† Bernini was undoubtedly a crucial artist in the foundation of the Baroque movement (Wallace 9). Born two years prior to the dated beginning of the Baroque period, Bernini spent his entire life creating works of art steeped in Baroque ideals—works of movement, drama, and emotion. The sculpture of Pluto and Proserpina does nothing but emphasize this notion of Bernini’s reign as a leading Baroque artist in Rome. Despite the fact that his reputation as an incredibly accomplished artist diminished drastically in the years following his death in 1680, Bernini is without a doubt one of the most skilled artists to have ever lived. Without Gian Lorenzo Bernini’s considerable contributions, the Eternal City of Rome would be found lacking in the majority of its artistic grandeur, and the Baroque period would be missing an absolutely essential founding father.

A Review of Studio67 Restaurant Business Plan

All businesses need capital to invest. The capital may come from the pockets of the proprietors, or from lending institutions. Most businesses end up borrowing part of the capital in order to start up. The amount of loan depends on the size of the business.Lending institutions base the amount of loan and the interest of loan from the â€Å"feasibility study† of the business. If the projected return of investment has a positive and increasing figure in the next years, then it is likely that the business can get a loan with a lower interest. Thus, it is mandatory that any business submits credible, realistic, and well-researched feasibility studies of the business they are interested for the loan to get approved. (Do's and Don't of Writing a Business Plan).A Review of Studio67 Restaurant Business PlanStudio67 is a â€Å"medium-sized† restaurant in Portland, OR, that focuses mainly on serving ethnic dishes using purely organic ingredients. The business plan is brief and co ncise. The words used, too, are simple enough for any reader to understand.It gave organized parts of describing what the business is all about: the target market, its financial projection for three years, and its strategies. I can't say, however, it is a good business plan. There were a lot of parts lacking. There are questionable parts too. First, how did the business come up with the figures used in the financial projection? The figures must be based on real studies and where are they? The â€Å"Market Research† part then, is lacking. This is the part where studies from similar businesses went through.The SWOT (Strength, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats) analysis should be included too. What I see in the business plan presented were all good things of the business, but it doesn't project the threats ( in example: competitors, labor issues). (Do's and Don't of Writing a Business Plan). One questionable part here is the ownership. The statement â€Å"the restaurant will s tart out as a simple sole proprietorship, owned by its founders,† contradicts itself. (Studio67, 2.1).A sole proprietorship is owned by only â€Å"one person,† so who among the founders will be the name appearing as the sole proprietor? If all the founders own the business, then it should be called partnership. Next, the start up capital mentioned coming from the pockets of the owners is $40,000. (Studio67, 2.2). However, this contradicts 7.0 Financial Plan part of the proposal, where it said it expected to raise â€Å"$30,000.†The break-even analysis 7.1 was bleakly explained, even its chart is not what a break even chart looks like. This part should be omitted if it can't be explained right at all. This analysis should be given after all the other financial statements were presented. If I was the financier, I will reject this proposal due to lacking parts of the study. It didn't show the real market analysis to make it feasible enough.However, if the market res earch was given and the figures are credible, I can approve the $100,000 loan because the return will be realized in 3 years. The projection of sales for the first year, however, is huge, too huge to become credible for an exquisite restaurant like Studio67.I don't believe the figures projected to say it could sustainably develop the business for a long time; however, it can be possible to obtain, if the proposal comes up with better, more specific marketing strategies.ReferencesOrganic Restaurant Business Plan: Studio 67 Restaurant. 1996-2008. Palo Alto Software,Inc.Retrieved June 5, 2008.[http://www.bplans.com/Sample_Business_Plans/Restaurant_Cafe_And_Bakery_Business_Plans/Organic_Restaurant_Business_Plan/Executive_Summary_fc.cfm].Do's and Don’ts of Writing a Business Plan. Arkansas Small Business Development Center.Little Rock, Arkansas: University of Arkansas at Little Rock – College of Business Donald W. Reynolds Center for Business and Economic Development. Retri eved June 5, 2008. [http://asbdc.ualr.edu/business-information/1001-business-plan-writing.asp].  

What is literacy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

What is literacy - Essay Example Within the parameters of intensively competitive labor and job markets, on the one hand, and global markets for goods and services, on the other, literacy, in all its variant forms and manifestations, has assumed unique importance.Whether as relates to immigrant L2 communities in the United States or native citizens, literacy often emerges as a non-negotiable criterion for employment and hence, the capacities and abilities of individuals to integrate into their societies and become constructive members therein. Given the importance of literacy, both on the individual and the societal levels, understanding what literacy means, clarifying the variances between L1 and L2 literacy and outlining the socio-cultural and ideological implications of literacy emerge as the primary concerns and objectives of this paper.Popular understandings of literacy as the ability to read and write, while accurate, effectively obscure the inherent complexities of the term and over-simplify its implications. As Speilmann and Radnofsky (2001) contend, literacy extends beyond the narrow parameters of the aforementioned definition to encompass the communicative skills requisite for both integration in society and the realization of individual career and social potentials and aspirations. Concurring with the aforementioned Kern (2000) defines literacy as "an elastic concept: its meaning varies according to the disciplinary lens through which one examines it." It is, from this definitional perspective, a mercurial and fluid concept, both difficult to pin down and even more problematic to pin down. Not withstanding the fluid nature of the concept or the multiple contending definitions which surround it, Tompkins (2001) defines concept as functional/basic and computer/post-modern literacy. The former refers to the capacity to read and write with some degrees of skill and competency. The latter, whose importance has expanded with the onset of the present century, references computer skills and an individual's ability to use and work with computers and other information technologies. The proliferation of computers as a primary medium of communication and information exchange has, according to McGrail (2007), made computer literacy as important as basic/functional literacy, insofar as the former is needed just as much as is the latter for employment and social integrative, let alone communicative, purposes. In further testament to the highly complex and multi-dimensional nature of literacy Baynham (1995) identifies six literacy models. These are the (1) skills development, (2) the therapeutic, (3) the personal empowerment, (4) the social empowerment, (5) functional and (6) the critical models of literacy. Taken together, these models effectively underscore the extent, to which literacy facilitates all of personal development, social integration and the acquisition of career/job skills, on the one hand, and allows an individual to realize his/her potential, on the other. Proceeding on the basis of the literature reviewed in the above, it is evident that literacy encompasses far more than reading and writing skills. Indeed, it may very well be defined as the primary predicator of social and professional success. The concept, complex enough as it is, is rendered even more so upon its contextualization with L1 and L2 frameworks. 3 L1 and L2 Literacy Within the context of an L2 setting, the definition of literacy, as outlined in the preceding section, retains both its validity and viability. Hayes and Schrier (2000) make this amply clear when they define L2 literacy as socio-communicative skills within a non-mother tongue environment or linguistic setting. In the L2 setting, just as in the L1, being literate means possessing reading and writing skills and having the capacity to utilize those skills in both

Management of IT, Radio Frequency Identification Essay

Management of IT, Radio Frequency Identification - Essay Example RFID stands for Radio Frequency Identification which is a very effective and modern system of finding and identifying objects or even organisms. RFID has a lot of uses and is applied to various fields such as criminology, law enforcement, office application etc. It works by 'tagging' and object with either a passive or active tag which can be identified by a RFID reader using radio waves. The tags are powered by the RFID receiver and are only activated when the tag is in range of the receiver. An RFID tag consists of a data sequence encased in the tag housing and is responsible for the identification of the object. The identification sequence starts when the RFID tag comes within the range of the receiver. The receiver will then pick up the tag's signal and decode it for reference. The RFID receiver will then refer the tag's data to its database to verify the identity of the tag's wearer. Once the tag's data (example: the location of the object, time of verification etc.) is processe d and the identity of the object is verified, then the data can be complied in to a larger data set and can be later passed on or processed by another RFID application.(RFiDa.com, n.d.). Figure 1: "This diagram explains the basic schematic of all RFID systems.The Tag or Transponder can be either active or passive. It responds to a signal from the Interrogator (reader/writer/antenna) which in turn sends a signal to the Computer" (High Tech Aid, 2006b). An RFID tag is basically composed of an IC. The IC has a small built-in memory (memory type for an IC is usually ROM or Read Only Memory) capacity and may be equipped with a small processor. The tag communicates with the receiver via air interface, with... This essay approves that the biggest advantage and also the most efficient use seen for RFID system is its potential use in electronic product surveillance. RFID systems avoid the old point-to-point tracking system and instead have the ability t track the product at any point in the merchant operation. RFID tags also make product to product communication possible and even automated product shelves that signal the supervisor when it needs refilling. Human product supervision is still necessary but effort is significantly reduced through the use of RFIDs. This report makes a conclusion that Radio Frequency Identification is yet another one of mankind’s attempts at making life a little more convenient. In its service RFID proves to be a very efficient and effective electronic medium not just for identification and security but for other applications as well. The controversy behind the use of RFIDs is based upon future assumptions and thus far the system is proves to be very limiting and specific for it to be used as a type of wide range surveillance method. Like any other wireless device RFIDs are still not very much accepted today but it may become as common as mobile phones or personal computers in the future. Already, manufacturers and researchers are working hand-in-hand in improving the characteristics of RFID technology such as range, processing power, data storage etc. The fear of losing one’s privacy and the tampering of personal data with the use of RFIDs have no scientific basis and it is best to think that howe ver sophisticated RFID devices can get, they will still be hampered by physical limitations as well as laws and regulations that will determine the scope of their use.

Principle of banking and finance Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Principle of banking and finance - Assignment Example However, it is notable that the dividend is paid only if the company makes a certain amount of profit, Finn (1999). On the other hand, a corporate bond is a long-term debts owed to individuals. In this case, the corporate that issues the bond enters into a contract with the person that purchases the bond. In the contract, the company promises to pay the total amount of debt after a prescribed period. In addition, to this, the corporate gives interest after every 6 months on each bond and in accordance with the term of the bond contract. Stock market plays a pivotal role in the economy as it is a key to the growth of commerce and industry and as such affects the economy to a large extent. The government can watch on the happenings of various sectors of the economy by a mare look at the trends in the stock market. Equally, individuals who want to invest can compare the figures given in the stock market so as to make important investment decision, Elmuti (2003). For the corporate, they can either take a credit facility when they need to finance a project or float some of its stock in the stock market. As such, investors are able to buy the stock and thereby allowing the bank to raise the required capital, Fang