Compare and Contrast How the Main Protagonists Experience Being Outsiders Within Their Respective Societies.

Compare and contrast how the main protagonists experience being outsiders within their respective societies. The experience of being outsiders is explored by William Shakespeare in ‘Othello’, Emily Bronte in ‘Wuthering Heights’ and Robert Browning in his Dramatic Monologues. Shakespeare explores the theme of alienation through a character considered an outsider by the society in which he lives in. Similarly Emily Bronte explores Heathcliff and the obstacles he faces at Wuthering Heights. Browning’s Dramatic Monologues illustrate the minds of psychotic lovers who are all possessive and delusional.In all the three texts the outsiders are rejected and are to an extent responsible for their own position in the society. While some are underprivileged others deprive and almost punish themselves for not being accepted. The characters within the three texts are undoubtedly affected by their ‘otherness’ and feel ostracised by those who surround th em. In Wuthering Heights, Heathcliff is an outsider because he is never accepted as part of the Earnshaw family. He is described as a â€Å"dark-skinned gypsy† and this prevents him from being acknowledged as a foster brother to Catherine and Hindley.Mr Earnshaw was the only character Heathcliff could trust, however Hindley began to terrorise and mistreat him which made him feel unwanted. He labelled him as a â€Å"beggarly interloper! † and an â€Å"imp of Satan†. However, the most eccentric aspect of Heathcliff’s character is his name. He is referred to as simply ‘Heathcliff’ and does not carry the Earnshaw’s last name, as he is not blood related. Furthermore the name Heathcliff is a name of a deceased son of Mr Earnshaw, therefore Heathcliff is seen as an inferior character who is deprived of a sense of identity.Similarly in Shakespeare’s ‘Othello’ the protagonist is a black military man, but unlike Heathcliff he is considered to be a noble and respectful soldier amongst the Venetian people. Othello seems to be proud of his heritage and his achievements and although he is a foreigner, he is seen as a useful character that can bring success to the city of Venice. From the beginning of the play he is referred to as a â€Å"moor† and â€Å"thick lips† by both Iago and Roderigo. This may suggest that Iago and Roderigo are simply jealous that an outsider can receive so much recognition from their own people.Both Othello and Heathcliff are labelled for their differences by characters that see no place for them in the community. Othello’s vocation is not the only aspect of his life that is envied by characters; his marriage to Desdemona evidently causes problems with her father, Brabantio, but also fuels Iago’s jealousy and hate. Brabantio accuses Othello of â€Å"enchanting† his daughter and using witchcraft to lead her astray as she would not have loved him vol untarily. It seems contradictory to allow Othello to fight the city’s sieges, but oppose his marriage to a Venetian woman.Othello’s marriage to Desdemona grants him a theoretical citizenship, where he would have to be recognised as a Venetian. Othello is a powerful figure within the society and it is patent that he favours it above any nation. In spite of this, Brabantio, and Iago in particular, feel that this is an invasion of their country. His ‘otherness’ impedes him from being an equal and although he is seen as a virtuous military leader, society would not accept his relationship with Desdemona.Likewise Heathcliff’s relationship with Catherine cannot be accepted by society, but unlike Othello, Heathcliff is not a respected or useful member of society thus society cannot tolerate someone they won’t benefit from. Robert Browning’s Dramatic Monologues illustrate the minds of characters that become psychotic and aim to possess their l overs. ‘My Last Duchess’ presents a manipulative and heartless Duke, who is completely made redundant by his wife. Browning presents the Duke as a character who lacks remorse and whose jealous nature introduce us to dark and sinister qualities.He portrays his character as naive and ignorant even after the death of his wife. Browning’s choice of not allowing the Duke to blame himself for his failed marriage and realising that he is an outsider builds on the image of a psychotic character that will not rehabilitate any time soon. Heathcliff similarly does not accept that he is in the wrong. â€Å"I do hate him- I am wretched –I have been a fool! † Isabella realises the extent to which her naivety has played a role in Heathcliff’s evil intention. Heathcliff on the other hand his not regretful for the way he used Isabella as a means to an end and his plan to terrorise Hindley and Edgar.The Duke has not realised how his actions had an impact on hi s wife, not mentioning that he himself killed her. He is not sorry for the way he behaved but Isabella on the other hand has realised her wrong doing and is at this point regretful. Both Heathcliff and the Duke continue to live life on the outside and have not taken the opportunity of renewing themselves to be accepted. The Duchess rejected the Duke by disregarding the expensive gifts he brought for her. Heathcliff too is rejected by Catherine and later by Isabella. â€Å"How very black and cross you look!And how- how funny and grim! But that’s because I’m used to Edgar and Isabella Linton†. Catherine has begun to distance herself from Heathcliff because she’s realised that there would be a possibility of the two living as â€Å"beggars†, while life with Edgar will â€Å"aid Heathcliff to rise†. He therefore no longer had someone on the same wavelength as him. This ulterior motive Catherine had, which she believed would reward both her and H eathcliff, demonstrates Catherine’s naivety to the social structure of the Victorian era and the limitations set by society.The narrator in ‘The Last Ride Together’ is also rejected by his mistress but in contrast his acceptance of this makes him dissimilar to the Duke and Heathcliff. In this poem Browning portrays human success and the limitations people face. Although the lover’s life has been â€Å"meant for fails†, he has accepted his fate with his mistress and so accepts his failure of not being able to get her as part of his success. Othello on the other hand has major success in â€Å"wooing† Desdemona which could suggest that the rejection and success these characters receive could reflect the extent to which they are seen as outsiders.Porphyria’s lover is depicted as an outsider like the Duke but the narrator in this poem is far more psychotic. Browning’s use of language indicates that Porphyria is from a higher class t han her lover â€Å"gay feast†, â€Å"dripping cloak and shawl†, â€Å"soiled gloves† paints an image of a wealthy and independent woman. There is a clear issue of class and wealth in both of these Browning poems and it seems to be the root of the problems faced by the lovers. In ‘Wuthering Heights’ money and power is also a major issue which causes the unfortunate events endured by the protagonist.When Heathcliff returns to the Heights as a gentleman â€Å"in dress and aspect† rather than a â€Å"scavenger†, there is a rise in his wealth and power. Although he abuses his new status to fulfil is evil intention, he has conformed and it now appears that he is compliant. Unlike Heathcliff, Porphyria’s lover doesn’t conform so that he feels up to par to Porphyria, instead his jealousy of her escalates into murder. Wealth and class are important issues to address when considering the position of an outsider. Othello’s o therness is overlooked because his power and status dictates his class and wealth and his overall reputation.On the other hand the Duke believed that his wealth was enough for his wife. His psychopathic nature separated him from the Duchess, restricting her liberty and autonomy. The Duchess’ position as a substandard wife could have threatened the Duke’s role as her husband and made her a liability to his wealth and reputation. In comparison, Heathcliff is also a threat and his ‘otherness’ makes him, not only an outcast but a menace to the established system. Edgar Linton dislikes the fact that Heathcliff is interfering with the already constructed and workable social constitution by behaving in a way that suits him.Edgar Linton’s reaction to Catherine â€Å"welcoming a runaway servant as a brother† proves that his presence can cause conflict within the family unit as well as the community. â€Å"I shall be as dirty as I please: and I like t o be dirty, and I will be dirty†. Bronte uses particular language to display a noncompliant and inflexible character whose principles dominate his logic. The semi colon and comma suggests that Heathcliff is trying to convince both Catherine and himself that his decision to remain an outsider is the right choice. Desdemona is equally a threat to Othello as she is able to tarnish his reputation which defines him as a man.Iago has made Othello believe this but it is in fact Iago who feels threatened by Othello’s success and achievements. Iago may not want to rise in social superiority but seeing someone being regarded as an honourable character makes him resentful. ‘The Laboratory’ describes a psychotic and revengeful female character whose husband favoured â€Å"Pauline† and â€Å"Elise†, other women besides her. Browning uses religious references to create an image of the narrator before she became a deranged outsider. â€Å"Empty church, to p ray God in†, the narrator has lost her faith in Christianity and her plan to kill proves this.Killing goes against one of the Ten Commandments, ‘Thou shall not kill’. No proper Christian will contemplate murder knowing that it is against their religion. This could suggest that the narrator has lost her faith in God after losing out on love. Christianity also says ‘Thou shall not commit adultery’ and her ex lover broke this commandment. The narrator here is irrational as she is trying to make two wrongs a right because despite her ex lover committing adultery her plan to kill will not make things right. Shakespeare’s use of imagery draws attention to the division between black and white or good and bad between Othello and Desdemona.When Othello’s views begin to resemble Iago’s, he becomes cynical about women and relationships. His race becomes more of a problem and Desdemona is referred to as â€Å"that cunning whore of Veniceâ₠¬  instead of a â€Å"fine/fair woman†. â€Å"Her name that was fresh is now begrimed and black as mine own face†, Desdemona is now seen by Othello as an outsider as much as he is seen as an outsider by Iago. He views himself and Desdemona negatively due to his presumption of her infidelity. Desdemona’s actions have reflected on Othello and this has made him almost blames himself for being an outsider and particularly for being black.Iago convinced Othello that Desdemona would want somebody more like herself, white, middle class and defiantly someone who can be acknowledged by her father as an appropriate suitor. It could be said that he views himself and Desdemona negatively because he doesn’t fit the requirements Iago created and made him believe. The narrator in ‘The Laboratory’ however does not perceive herself in a negative way. â€Å"I am here† she thinks she has outsmarted her ex lover and his mistress but has failed to realise that she is an outsider and her actions are those of an immensely psychotic and jealous person.This has made her see her ex lover’s relationship with his mistress as negative instead of understanding that she will soon be in the wrong too. Porphyria’s lover is similarly in denial as he has convinced himself that his actions can be justified. â€Å"No pain felt she† this quote shows that the lover is adamant his actions have not caused any problems. â€Å"I am quite sure she felt no pain†, here he tries to manipulate himself into thinking his actions were correct by eliminating any doubts in his mind. Iago greatly benefits from this tactic by using it on Othello but Porphyria’s lover is trying to control himself and his mind.He has an inability to differentiate right from wrong as well as not being able to distinguish his fantasy from reality. Browning presents this as the beginning of the poem by using pathetic fallacy and personification to descr ibe his jealous and irrational character,â€Å"tore the elm-tops down for spite†. Browing’s use of verbs such as â€Å"awake’ and â€Å"vex† compares human qualities to that of nature, the wind destroys the ‘elm-tops’ but Porphyria’s lover goes further than this and commits murder. The setting is personified to reflect the lover’s characteristics and so the coming events are somewhat foreshadowed.To conclude, the main characters in all the three texts experience alienation within their respective societies. While for some it is due to their psychological impairments others do not quite fit in the social establishment. They are expected to keep within their boundaries as they may cause disturbances to the community. It can be suggested that the outsider’s own morals and values are being pushed aside which may force them to conform. Bibliography Spark notes York notes advance: Othello and Wuthering Heights www. elitenotes. com Work count: 2,176

Penelope

You can say that Penelope Is the perfect representation of patience, loyalty and fidelity because thou knowing the true whereabouts of her husband she blindly trusts his return, and along the work we can see how rejected suitors presented In Its door. Here we can also see one of Its mall features, the cunning. And not only that, pride In her home and family, and features such as hospitality make her one of the most complete characters with Odysseus.Penelope knows how to act in such a way that inadvertently marry any of the suitors, an idea how to deceive them, keep them in your door, and take advantage in some way all these gifts and favors that made him. The loom of the lord Alerts, is one of the representations of Penelope intelligence. She tells her suitors that when you finish this loom knitting, she will choose who he wants to marry. Carefully every night she undid everything she wove in the morning. With this trick was tricking her suitors three years. She said to us: My lords, my Suitors, though Odysseus is dead and you are eager for me to marry, have patience till I complete this work, I do not want it wasted, this shroud for noble Alerts, ready for when pitiless death's cruel end overtakes him: since I fear some Achaean woman f this land would blame me, if he who won great wealth lay there without a shroud† (8. 11) We can see Penelope as a strong woman, she is the queen of Ithaca and knows the responsibility that entails, if she married another man, this would become the king of Ithaca.She is able to take her house and her family by herself, demonstrating great courage and strength. I could say it's in their own way, the other heroine of the Odyssey. In the work by comparing the story of Penelope and Odysseus with the story of Clytemnestra and Agamemnon see the obvious differences between the characters. Penelope and Clytemnestra were In the same situation, but react in completely opposite ways. While Clytemnestra betrays Agamemnon having being u nfaithful and finally killing him, Penelope Is faithful to her husband, waiting for him not knowing If he will return.This highlights even more the characteristics of Penelope, making It look Like a strong and sensible woman. â€Å"†¦ Most plateful was the voice I heard of Prism's daughter Cassandra, killed by treacherous Clytemnestra over me; but I lifted my hands and with them beat on the ground as I died upon the sword, but the sluttish woman turned away from me and was so hard hat her hands would not press shut my eyes and mouth though I was going to Hades'.So there is nothing more deadly or more vile than a woman who stores her mind with acts that are of such sort, as this one did when she thought of this act of dishonor, and plotted the murder of her lawful husband. See, I had been thinking home, but she with thoughts surpassingly grisly splashed the shame on herself and the rest of her sex, on women still to come, even on the one whose acts are virtuous. † (1 1. 2 1-434) The contradiction that we can find in the behavior of Penelope s precisely how she keeps her suitors waiting for her, but this is part of one of its main characteristics, which is the intelligence to handle the situation alone. While continuing to be faithful and loyal to Odysseus, get to take advantage of the suitors. If we focus on the position of women in society of ancient Greece, Penelope is represented as an ideal woman, example of charity, generosity, cunning and intelligence. Penelope takes an unprecedented role for this time, even though this behavior so we could get to find normal in our society.Homer represents Penelope as a heroine of Greek society. Makes her everything a Greek woman should do, keep fidelity and loyalty to her husband, but this is 20 years without returning home. She's at home, as a woman, but also we can see a man talking and arguing with them, something for which a Greek woman is not ready. This raises the idea that Penelope is partly oppressed by Greek customs but this is contradicted by his acting and bringing the situation, because she believes in the love she feels for Odysseus and that he will eventually return.A woman in Greek society should not be allowed to play such positions, Odysseus could have given power to someone who was not Penelope, but it is she who is in charge of the kingdom. With that Homer shows us his vision of the ideal woman Greek. Another sign of cunning and intelligence of Penelope is when she thinks about testing the arc. As Chris Emily-Jones says in The Reunion of Penelope and Odysseus led by the intuition that the beggar was really Odysseus invents arc test, knowing that the only one who could use it was him. Penelope had the intuition that the beggar was Odysseus by his dreams and the attraction they felt for him.The only thing that can make us doubt this situation is, why she gives up and wants to get married at that time? Why happened when Odysseus is there? Alex Cist in his article Penelop e Role in the odyssey shows us a comparison with Calypso, Retreat makes Circe and through this comparison Penelope is represented as a woman and ideal lover: ;However, in the Odyssey, most women fall into one of two categories in regards to their personalities and relationships with men: they were either loyal wives (Retreat) or alluring seductresses (Calypso, Circe).What makes Penelope special is that she possesses characteristics of both an ideal wife and an ideal lover†. According Cist, the idea of perfect love is took from the sentiment between Odysseus and Penelope, the union that exists between both makes this love a perfect love and the perfect union ; The unity of Their personalities, according to Odysseus, means they have a perfect love, their minds and hearts are unified†.And one more time, as I have said before, Alex Cist shows us strong the idea of Penelope ability to handle her situation with the suitors: ;Penelope entrapment of her suitors despite constantl y rejecting and spurning them shows that she has what it takes to steal a man's heart. And important distinction, though, between the queen and other seductresses is that Penelope does not do this consciously. † We can compare Penelope with Mary Bloom, its equivalent in the Ulysses written by James Joyce.Molly would be the opposite figure of Penelope; her life is marked by a precocity in the final monologue of this work. On the other hand you can not criticize this attitude, because it conveys a message of naturalness and Molly's character tries to get on with life despite having in his mind to her husband Finally, we can say that Penelope was a great woman, and an example of ideal woman n Greek society, that's how Homer wanted to show it to us.

Cultural Values Essay

The world is changing politically, economically, technically, and collectively at a previously unthinkable rate. Both new and skilled multinational firms are stumbling and committing mistakes as they confront these recently emerging environmental forces. What is desired now is a new way of viewing both the global and foreign operations of multinational firms. To be as thriving as possible, these firms should be as culturally attuned to the world and to every foreign society in which they seek to work as they are to their own home society. The Webster’s New Collegiate Dictionary (1980) defines culture as â€Å"the incorporated pattern of human behavior that includes thought, speech, action, and artifacts and depends on man’s competence for learning and transmitting knowledge to succeeding generations† and â€Å"the customary beliefs, social forms, and material behavior of a racial, religious, or social group.† These definitions point to numerous important aspects of culture. First, culture permeates all human behaviors and interactions. Second, culture is shared by members of a group. And third, it is handed down to newcomers and from one generation to the next. This description of culture is not aimed at organizations but is very appropriate to them (AAhad M. Osman-Gani & Zidan, S.S. 2001, pp.452-460). The prevailing trend in the international business environment in current decades has been greater directness in trade, investment, finance and technology resultant in increased international integration and interdependence in business and between states. What is also obvious is that large swathes of the world’s population are efficiently marginalized or barred from these trends. This segregation has been a major factor in modern anti-globalization campaigns and is often used to justify proposals to reform or even abolish international institutions and to invalidate policies that have contributed to international integration. Morrison (2006) characterized a global industry as having intense levels of international competition, competitors marketing a standardized product worldwide, industry competitors that have a presence in all key international markets and high levels of international trade. These definitions have the common thread of the need and opportunity to integrate strategy across countries. Though aspects of globalization and the guiding principles of the IMF and the World Bank have not always been affirmative for developing countries, it is a generalization to place all or most of the blame for the marginalization of developing countries onto these factors. Development is a multifaceted process but some countries have managed it successfully. Considerably, it is those countries that have affianced most intensively with the outside world (that is, in East Asia), that have been most successful in their development endeavors. Equally considerable has been the keenness of each state to take a central role in the development process, a role that assorted from country to country depending on its culture and early circumstances.

We should fund college education for all Americans because knowledge Essay

We should fund college education for all Americans because knowledge is the basis of success - Essay Example Knowledge makes a person perfect. Some people believe that the need of education is only to grab a job. The above perception is a wrong one. Education helps a person immensely in leading a successful life in many ways. Huge expenses of college education are the major reason for the drop outs of students from American colleges. Because of the dipping of American economy, financial problems are evident in most of the families. Americans usually spend more than what they earn and they do not have the habit of saving much for the future. Whenever they are in need of money, they approached the financial institutions in America for loans and before the recession problems; they found no hurdle in getting the loans sanctioned from the banks. For meeting the expenses of college education, many of the American students used the aid from financial institutions. However, because of recession, American financial institutions now tightened the norms and hence the college students are not getting e nough financial aids from these institutions. Considering the importance of college education, American government should give enough funds to all who admitted in the colleges In family or society, only the educated people are well respected. The society will hear and respect the words of the educated people better than that of other’s. Only the educated person will be capable of meeting and solving the life challenges more effectively. College education will provide an opportunity to get good jobs which is necessary for securing the future life. Though the aim of college education is not limited to getting good jobs alone, it can certainly help people lead a life as a good citizen of the country. Completion of Pre secondary education was considered as a decent educational level around 50 or 75 years ago because of the limited knowledge base. But the advancements in every field of life especially in science and technology have made it almost impossible to survive without coll ege education. Entry into a good professional organization is not an easy task in the present century. In order to prepare a person for an entry level in an organization, the minimum qualification required is graduation. The organizations may give the person formal training in the required areas to develop skills, once he is appointed. But just to apply for a post in a reputed organization the person must have a graduation. â€Å"In recent years, researchers in Africa, Asia and elsewhere have found that people in non-Western cultures often have ideas about intelligence that differ fundamentally from those that have shaped Western intelligence tests†(Benson). Intelligence is believed to be a culture dependent entity. In other words, the nature of intelligence in American culture and Asian culture are entirely different. Because of this difference in nature of intelligence, it is difficult to assess the intelligence of a culturally diverse community with the help of a standardi zed test. Americans had an illusion earlier that the nature of their intelligence is far more superior to that of others. However, Americans now realized that their assumptions were only illusions and there are many cases in which people from other cultures dominate over the Americans. For example, the recent recession has caused major problems to American economy whereas Asian countries like India, china etc escaped from recession without much problems. Many of the CEOs of American companies are of foreign origin now. Indra Nui, the CEO of PepsiCo is one best example. The current American president is from a black origin and the current Governor of Louisiana, Bobby Jindal is a person of Indian origin. Moreover, in many of the reputed science and research agencies like NASA, people of foreign

Increased Women's Issues and Its Significance in American Culture Essay

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Networking Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

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Perception of Leaders' Decision Making Dissertation

Perception of Leaders' Decision Making - Dissertation Example This essay declares that the research will also employ correlation collection design to gather information from workforce with the aim of determining the relationship between perception of leader’s decisions making and organizational culture. This design enables the identification of connection among variables. It is an effective and accurate information gathering method. The design allows generalization from a selected sample to the main study population therefore; inferences are easier done with fast turnaround and reduced costs. The employees will be required to first work on individual basis and second as team to answer various questions in the survey. The respondents will be requested to offer the organizational structure views, to rate their leader’s decision-making perception, the effectiveness of their company culture and leadership. This will be the age and the job status of the participants. This paper makes a conclusion that a leader’s decision-making is a pertinent in an institution who guides procedures, organizations and processes. Experts agree that by performing these tasks, a leader’s decisions act to manipulate culture or altering its aspects. Therefore, leader’s choices act to alter procedures and formal administrative process of an organization. Leaders’ decision-making play a critical task in altering organizational performance and the nature of results of the organizations influence the structure directly.

Microfinance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

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Reaction Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Reaction - Essay Example In my opinion, the number of people killed because of being captivated in the gas chambers and because of gas discharge in the chambers is also not fully known as there are different opinions about the number of killed people. Some say that the number of people reached 4 million; however, other people reject this statement and explain that only 1.1 million died in Auschwitz. Therefore, it cannot be said with accuracy about how many people died in actuality during the World War II in the gas chambers. The gas was not discharged day and night but only for twenty or thirty minutes as what I feel is that the gas was quite harmful and kept the power of killing many at one time and its efficacy maintained till late hours due to which, massive gassing was avoided. Therefore, from the interviews of David Cole, it is quite evident that Auschwitz divided in its three sites was used for massive killing. Works Cited Cole, David and Smith Bradley. David Cole Interviews Dr. Franciszek Piper, Direc tor, Auschwitz State Museum. 1992. Accessed on 24th February 2011 from http://www.codoh.com/gcgv/gcgvcole.html